HSS Activity 4 – Geography – Earth Summit:

1. The Earth Summit was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 June to 14 June 1992. 2. Green Cross International Organisation. 3. From 3 June to 14 June 1992. 4. The first Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro. 5. In 2012, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development will also be held in Rio, and is also commonly called Rio+20 or Rio Earth Summit 2012. It will be held from June 20 – June 22nd. 6. The purpose of Earth Summit is to represent a turning point in the way we look at environment and development. It is also aimed at attaining sustainable development. 7. The most important decisions made by Earth Summit were the following: Framework Convention on Climate Change, Convention on Biological Diversity, Forest Management and Agenda 21. 8. I think it is necessary because we need to find ways to look after our earth and use resources in a way that they are sustainable, otherwise we could run out of resources and then there would be wars and other crisis’s. 9. Since the Earth Summit in Rio, there have been broad efforts to implement sustainable development by governments, international organizations, local authorities, business, citizen groups and individuals. Agenda 21 is still a powerful long-term goal for balancing economic and social needs with the capacity of the earth’s resources and ecosystems. 10. Sustainable development is linked with Earth Summit because in order to keep resources on earth without them running out, we need to use them in a sustainable way so the earth still has that resource for its own natural needs, like trees provide oxygen during the day and water is one of the most important resources, so if we use resources in a sustainable way, it will be better for the earth.

Apartheid Timeline

Activity 8 - African Nationalism:

1.       African Nationalism was a movement across Africa to fight colonialism and demand independence from the colonisers.

2.       South Africa in 1909, Algeria in 1946 and Angola in 1575 .

3.       Pan Africanism is a movement for greater co-operation among Africans.

4.       African Nationalism was a movement across Africa to fight colonialism and Pan-Africanism is a movement for greater co-operation among Africans.

5.       Kwame Nkrumah led the Gold Coast’s anti-colonial struggle for independence from Brittain and Robert Sobukwe founded the Pan Africanist Congress in opposition to the apartheid regime.

6.       The song ‘Buffalo Soldier’ relates to Pan-Africanism because it says that there was an African “Buffalo Soldier stolen from Africa in the heart of America.” The soldier was fighting an arrival and also fighting for survival like Africans were against colonialism. That soldier was Bob Marley himself.

HSS Nazi policy movie By Robert Gould

HSS video link to youtube:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jiz6UAm0TB8&list=HL1336507958&feature=mh_lolz

HSS Activity 7 - Martin Luther King, jr.

1.       His grandfather started the family’s career as pastors Ebenezers Baptist Church in Atlanta, serving from 1914 to 1931; His father served from then until the president. Martin Luther acted as co-pastor. His father and grandfather graduated from Morehouse College in Atlanta.

2.       Martin Luther attended segregated public schools in Georgia and Morehouse College.

3.       He received the degree for doctorate in 1955.

4.       He became the pastorate of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Mongomery, Alabama.

5.       He accepted the leadership of the first great Negro nonviolent demonstration of contemporary times in the United States.

6.       His first goal was to spread information about what he called a coalition of conscience and inspire his “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, a manifesto of the Negro revolution.

7.       The Birmingham police commissioner used boycott against demonstrators.

8.       In Washington, D.C., in 1963.

9.       President Jhonson.

10.   On the evening of April 4, 1968. When Martin Luther King, jr., was standing on his balcony of the motel he was at Memphis, Tennissee, where he was lead to a protest march in sympathy was striking garbage workers of that city, he was assassinated.

HSS Activity 6 - The Holocaust

1. The Holocaust was the state-sponsored systematic execution of European jews by Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945. By 1945 two thirds of the jews had been killed. Jews were the primary victim targets but there were other victims from other races that didn't meet the requirements to be part of the "aryan race".

2. Nazi's believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that other races were a biological threat to the purity of the "aryan race" and therefore persecuted. The Nazi's blamed the jews for Germanys defeat in WW I and they also blamed jews for the economic crysis.

3. In the late 1930's the Nazi's killed thousands of handicapped Germans in a number different ways, like giving them lethal injections, gassing them with poisonous gas and shooting massive numbers of jews and gypsies in open fields and ravines. Six extermination chambers were built in Poland where mass-murder by gas and body disposal by cremation were regularly done.

4. The United States and Great Brittain as well as other nations outside of Nazi Germany recieved many press reports durning the time of the Holocaust about the persecution of the jews. By the end of 1939 the governments of the United States and Great Brittain found about the reports on "The final solution", Germanys objective to kill all the jews of Europe. In 1944 The United States and Great Brittain decided to react by defeating Germany in WW II.

HSS activity 4 - Nazi Germany

1. Timeline:
2. The purpose of the Nazi party's Political Manifesto was to draw workers away from communism and into Volkisch nationalism.
3. The 'Aryan race' (Master race) were people that Hitler thought were honourable, respectable and noble and he only wanted certain races to create a "pure race".
4. Pictures on how the Nazi propaganda portrayed Aryan and non-Aryan people:     

5.Five other ways how the Nazi Party brought across their ideologies are that Hitler promised social revolution to win support from the masses (The middle classes and the farmers). Nazism promised economic help, political power and national glory. Nazism gained wide support during the great depression as discontented Germans turned to Nazism in increasing numbers. The military supported Hitlers ideas of discipline, order and military conquest. Hitlers fiery personality and talents as an orator also had a strong influence.

SDI purpose

SDI (Spatial Developement Initiative) is one of South Africa's key industrial policies and its commitment is looking after sustainable industrial developement in areas where poverty and unemployment are at their highest.

Homework activity - Rural video 1

The case study video is about some people doing a project on how they can improve the developement of rural towns like Simunye in December 2006. This project gives the people some tools and recources to build and develop their houses better and to make sustainable villages and a more sustainale lifestyle, by showing these people how to make bricks, and in turn build their own houses using their own recources
in the future, knowing how to make bricks to do this, because they obviously don't have enough money to buy their own recources. This is for their own benefit and also for the country's benefit. By teaching these people to make their own bricks with a hand powered mechanism, it will be a more environmentally friendly method. Its like the old Chinese proverb "give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime." By teaching these people how to make their own bricks, it will make them more self-suficient and prosperous.

Homework activity 1

1. Explain what you understand the concept "development" means

The word development refers to a stage of growth in the economy or advancement.
2. List FIVE indicators that can be used to measure the level of development of countries

Investments, health care, GDP (Gross domestic product), Demographic situation, crime and security stats, the strength of the currency and the stability of the government.

3. In a table, compare the characteristics of a "developed" and "less-developed" countries.

Less Developed Countries	Developed Countries
Low health care	Good quality health care
High inflation	Low or moderate inflation
High crime	Less crime
Normally high birth rate	Lower birth rate

4. When using economy of countries to compare the level of development we can also refer to these countries as a "LEDC" and "MEDC". Explain these two abbreviations.

LEDC means less economically developed countries and MEDC mea ns more economically developed countries.
5. Explain why it is better to use the Human Development Index (HDI) to classify countries as developed or   less-developed.

It is better because it compares things like life expectancy, literacy, education and standards of living for countries worldwide.
5. By studying Figure 1 and Figure 2 answer the following questions.
5.1. Is there a correlation between the countries in Figure 1 and Figure 2?

There is some correlation.
5.2. Give a possible reason for this.

Lower life expectancy is the norm if the country has one of the lower HDI rankings in the whole of Africa because there is obviously not enough money to treat most of the females in countries with the lowest female life expectancy at birth.
5.3. Give THREE possible reasons for the countries listed in Figure 2 to have a lows ranking.

Corruption causing lack of funds in health/welfare sector, Angola and Mozambique have had civil wars for long periods, causing complete breakdown of the economy, world ecomical crisis meaning countries cannot export resources as easily. 5.4. Most people in these countries live as subsistance farmers. What is subsistance farming?

Subsistance farming is when people grow their own food and they keep it for themselves and they don’t sell it.5.5. What are the greatest needs for people in subsistance communities in order to "develop"?

The greatest needs will be financial input and knowledge.
6. Explain the concept "sustainable development"

Sustainable development is development that uses natural resources in a way that doesn’t use them up or damage the environment.
7. In order for countries to develop sustainably the UN has identified 8 Millenium Goals. List these goals.

Goal 1: End extreme poverty and hunger.

Goal 2: Give primary education to all children.

Goal 3: Promote equality between men and woman, and empower woman.

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality.

Goal 5: Improve the health of pregnant mothers.

Goal 6: Fight HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.

Goal 7: Make sure the environment is used in a sustainable way.

Goal 8: Encourage partnerships between governments, businesses and other organisations to work together for development.

What is Development?

This diagram shows what development is: